Commonly Used Organelle Marker Antibodies in Plant Cells
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Plasma Membrane
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
General marker |
PIP2 (Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) |
Aquaporin, widely used PM marker in plants |
|
Proton pump |
H⁺-ATPase (AHA1/AHA2) |
Most common PM marker for Arabidopsis and crops |
|
Receptor/Transporter |
BRI1, PIN1 |
Marker for signaling and auxin transport |
Cytosol
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Soluble enzyme |
GAPDH, UGPase |
Common cytosolic enzyme markers |
|
Cytoskeletal |
Actin, Tubulin |
Used to show cytoplasmic structure |
|
Negative marker |
Lack of membrane proteins |
Confirms cytosolic purity |
Nucleus
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Structural |
Lamin-like proteins (NMCP1/NMCP2) |
Plant equivalent of nuclear lamins |
|
Chromatin |
Histone H3, Histone H4 |
Used for nuclear localization |
|
Transcription factor |
WRKY, MYB |
Common nuclear-localized regulatory proteins |
Mitochondrion
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Outer membrane |
VDAC (Porin) |
Conserved mitochondrial outer membrane protein |
|
Inner membrane |
COXII (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) |
Common mitochondrial marker in plants |
|
Matrix enzyme |
HSP60, IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) |
Used for mitochondria detection |
Chloroplast
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Outer envelope |
TOC75 (Translocon at outer chloroplast membrane 75) |
Outer envelope marker |
|
Thylakoid membrane |
LHCII (Light-harvesting complex II) |
Most common thylakoid marker |
|
Stroma enzyme |
Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) |
Abundant soluble chloroplast marker |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Chaperone |
BiP/GRP78 (Binding immunoglobulin protein) |
Highly conserved ER marker |
|
Membrane protein |
Calnexin, Calreticulin |
Used for ER structure visualization |
|
Folding enzyme |
PDI (Protein disulfide isomerase) |
Catalyzes disulfide bond formation |
Golgi Apparatus
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Cis-Golgi |
ManI (α-Mannosidase I) |
Cis-Golgi enzyme marker |
|
Trans-Golgi |
SYP32, TGN46-like |
Used for Golgi and trans-Golgi localization |
|
Structural |
GMAP10, Golgin-84 |
Golgi matrix components |
Endosomes
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Early endosome/TGN |
VTI12, SYP61 |
Associated with early endosome and TGN compartments |
|
Recycling endosome |
RabA1e, RabA1g |
Markers for endocytic recycling in plant cells |
|
Late endosome/MVB |
RabF2a (ARA7), RabF2b (RHA1) |
Commonly used for late endosome and MVB tracking |
Vacuole/Lytic Compartment
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Membrane protein |
V-ATPase subunit VHA-a3 |
Main tonoplast proton pump marker |
|
Lytic enzyme |
Aleu (Aleu-mCherry marker), Cathepsin-like proteases |
Used in lytic vacuole studies |
|
Storage protein |
TIPs (Tonoplast intrinsic proteins) |
Aquaporin family members, tonoplast localized |
Peroxisome
|
Function |
Common Marker Proteins |
Notes |
|
Matrix enzyme |
Catalase (CAT) |
Classic peroxisomal enzyme marker |
|
Membrane protein |
PMP70 (Peroxisomal membrane protein 70) |
Conserved across species |
|
Photorespiration enzyme |
Glycolate oxidase (GOX) |
Used in leaf tissue-specific labeling |
Summary Table (Condensed)
|
Organelle |
Common Markers |
|
Plasma membrane |
H⁺-ATPase, PIP2, BRI1 |
|
Cytosol |
GAPDH, Actin |
|
Nucleus |
Histone H3, NMCP1 |
|
Mitochondrion |
VDAC, COXII, HSP60 |
|
Chloroplast |
rbcL, TOC75, LHCII |
|
ER |
BiP, Calnexin, PDI |
|
Golgi |
ManI, SYP32, ArF1 |
|
Endosome |
SYP61, RabF2a (ARA7), RabA1e |
|
Vacuole |
V-ATPase, TIPs |
|
Peroxisome |
Catalase, PMP70 |